Abstract Introduction: obesity is increasing among women at reproductive age in Brazil. Excess body weight during pregnancy negatively impacts women's health. Objectives: to identify and analyze the publications that showed the effects of pregestational excess weight on pregnancy, delivery, and post-delivery in Brazilian women. Methods: this systematic review was performed including studies that involve Brazilian pregnant women with adverse outcomes caused by pregestational excess weight. Search, selection, and reporting were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The study was conducted by manually searching and screening the databases LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Periodicos CAPES. The selected articles were evaluated according to the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), and categorized as studies with high (A), moderate (B), low (C), or extremely low (D) evidence quality. Results: a total of 1,582 studies were found, of which 39 were included for final reading and evaluation. Among these, 12.8 %, 69.2 %, and 18.0 % were classified as A, B, and C or D for evidence quality, respectively. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, caesarean section, excessive weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus were commonly associated with pregestational excess weight in Brazilian women. Conclusions: the negative effects of excess body weight during pregnancy reflect the need for effective public policies that can address the problem, focusing on interventions that promote the health of women at reproductive age.

Resumen Introducción: la obesidad está aumentando entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva en Brasil. El exceso de peso corporal durante el embarazo afecta negativamente a la salud de las mujeres. Objetivos: identificar y analizar publicaciones que mostraran los efectos del exceso de peso pregestacional sobre el embarazo, el parto y el posparto en mujeres brasileñas. Métodos: esta revisión sistemática incluye estudios de mujeres embarazadas brasileñas con resultados adversos causados por el exceso de peso pregestacional. La búsqueda, la selección y la presentación de los resultados se realizaron de acuerdo con el sistema Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). El estudio se realizó mediante la búsqueda manual y el cribado de las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane y Periódicos CAPES. Los artículos seleccionados se evaluaron de acuerdo con la calidad de la evidencia utilizando el sistema Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), y se clasificaron como estudios de alta (A), moderada (B), baja (C) o extremadamente baja (D) calidad de la evidencia. Resultados: se encontraron un total de 1582 estudios, de los cuales 39 se incluyeron para su lectura final y evaluación. Entre estos, el 12,8 %, 69,2 % y 18,0 % se clasificaron como A, B y C o D en cuanto a calidad de evidencia, respectivamente. Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, la cesárea, el aumento de peso excesivo y la diabetes mellitus gestacional se asociaron comúnmente con el exceso de peso pregestacional en las mujeres brasileñas. Conclusiones: los efectos negativos del exceso de peso corporal durante el embarazo reflejan la necesidad de políticas públicas efectivas que puedan abordar el problema, centrándose en intervenciones que promuevan la salud de las mujeres en edad reproductiva.

OBJETIVO: descrever o consumo de álcool e cigarro em gestantes adultas e identificar a associação desse consumo ao resultado obstétrico. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo analítico do tipo transversal, no qual foram incluídas 433 puérperas adultas e seus conceptos atendidos em maternidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 1999 a 2006. As informações sobre as puérperas e os recém-nascidos foram coletadas no momento do parto e no puerpério, por meio de entrevista e consultas aos prontuários. Considerou-se "uso de álcool na gestação" e "uso de cigarro na gestação" quando esses foram detectados pelo profissional de Saúde na consulta de pré-natal em qualquer idade gestacional e registrados no prontuário. RESULTADOS: verificou-se que 5,5 e 7,4% das puérperas relataram uso de cigarro e álcool durante a gestação, respectivamente. As características maternas associadas ao fumo na gestação foram: situação marital (p=0,005); idade materna (p=0,01) e assistência nutricional pré-natal (p=0,003). O fumo durante a gestação foi fortemente associado ao uso do álcool, sendo que 31,3% das gestantes fizeram uso concomitante de cigarro e álcool (p<0,05). Quanto ao uso de álcool, as características associadas a essa prática foram situação marital (p=0,003); e história de aborto (p=0,04). Não foi verificada associação entre o uso de álcool e cigarro na gestação e as condições ao nascer (idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e intercorrências com o recém-nascido, p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: os achados sugerem que o uso de cigarro e álcool na gestação deve ser investigado na assistência pré-natal dentre todas as mulheres, especialmente entre as que vivem sem o companheiro, com mais de 35 anos, com história de aborto, e que não planejaram a gestação. A assistência nutricional mostrou efeito protetor contra o tabagismo na gestação, de forma que as gestantes devem ser esclarecidas quanto aos efeitos deletérios de tais substâncias contribuindo dessa forma para melhores resultados obstétricos.

PURPOSE: to describe alcohol and tobacco use in adult pregnant women and determine its association with the obstetric outcome. METHODS: analytical transversal study, in which 433 adult pregnant women and their newborns have been included, attended at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from 1999 to 2006. Information on the mother and the newborn was collected at the moment of delivery and during puerperium through an interview and inspection of the medical records. "Use of alcohol during gestation" and "use of cigarette during gestation" have been considered when detected at any gestational age and written down on the medical record. RESULTS: it was observed that 5.5 and 7.7% of the pregnant women reported cigarette and alcohol use during gestation, respectively. Maternal features related to tobacco use during pregnancy were marital status (p=0.005), age (p=0.01) and pre-natal nutritional guidance (p=0.003). Tobacco use during pregnancy has been strongly associated with alcohol use, 31.3% of the women reporting concomitant use of both substances (p<0.05). No association between alcohol or tobacco use during gestation and obstetric outcome (gestational age, newborn weight at birth and newborn medical conditions; p>0.05) has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that tobacco and alcohol use should be investigated during pre-natal care among all women, particularly single women, over 35 years old, with history of miscarriage, and with unwanted pregnancy. Nutritional guidance had a protective effect against tobacco use during gestation, and thus pregnant women should be informed as to the harmful effects of substance use to ensure better obstetric outcome.